Thursday, September 24, 2009

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Presidency
2005 Campaign
Ahmadinejad was not widely known when he entered the presidential election campaign, although he had already made his mark in Tehran for rolling back earlier reforms. He is a member of the Central Council of the Islamic Society of Engineers, but his key political support is inside the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran (Abadgaran or Developers).
Ahmadinejad generally sent mixed signals about his plans for his presidency, perhaps to attract both religious conservatives and the lower economic classes. His campaign slogan was: "It's possible and we can do it".
In the campaign, he took a populist approach. He emphasized his own modest life, and compared himself with Mohammad Ali Rajai, Iran's second president. Ahmadinejad said he planned to create an "exemplary government for the people of the world" in Iran. He was a "principlist", acting politically based on Islamic and revolutionary principles. One of his goals was "putting the petroleum income on people's tables", meaning Iran's oil profits would be distributed among the poor.
Ahmadinejad was the only presidential candidate who spoke out against future relations with the United States. He told Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting the United Nations was "one-sided, stacked against the world of Islam." He opposed the veto power of the UN Security Council's five permanent members: "It is not just for a few states to sit and veto global approvals. Should such a privilege continue to exist, the Muslim world with a population of nearly 1.5 billion should be extended the same privilege." He defended Iran's nuclear program and accused "a few arrogant powers" of trying to limit Iran's industrial and technological development in this and other fields.
In his second round campaign, he said, "We didn't participate in the revolution for turn-by-turn government.…This revolution tries to reach a world-wide government." He spoke of an extended program using trade to improve foreign relations, and called for greater ties with Iran's neighbours and ending visa requirements between states in the region, saying that "people should visit anywhere they wish freely. People should have freedom in their pilgrimages and tours."
Ahmadinejad described Ayatollah Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi, a senior cleric from Qom as his ideological and spiritual mentor. Mesbah founded the Haghani School of thought in Iran. He and his team strongly supported Ahmadinejad's 2005 presidential campaign.
2005 Election
Main article: Iranian presidential election, 2005
Ahmadinejad won 62 percent of the vote in the run-off poll against Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei authorized his presidency on 3 August 2005. Ahmedinejad kissed Khamenei's hand during the ceremony to show his loyalty.
2005 Cabinet Appointments
Iran's President must obtain Iranian Parliament confirmation for his selection of ministers. Ahmadinejad presented a short-list at a private meeting on 5 August, and his final list on 14 August.
The Majlis rejected all of his cabinet candidates for the oil portfolio and objected to the appointment of his allies in senior government office. The Majlis approved a cabinet on 24 August. The ministers promised to meet frequently outside Tehran and held their first meeting on 25 August in Mashhad, with four empty seats for the unapproved nominees.
Ministry
Candidate minister
Agricultural
Mohammadreza Eskandari
Commerce
Masoud Mirkazemi
Communication and Information Technology
Mohammad Soleimani
Cooperatives
Mohammad Abbasi
Culture and Islamic Guidance
Mohammad Hossein Saffar-Harandi
Defense and Armed Forces Logistics
Mostafa Mohammad Najjar
Economy and Financial Affairs
Hossein Samsami (pending approval from parliament)
Education
Alireza Aliahmadi
Energy
Parviz Fattah
Foreign Affairs
Manouchehr Mottaki
Health and Medical Education
Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
Housing and Urban Development
Mohammad Saeedikia
Industries and Mines
Aliakbar Mehrabian
Intelligence
Gholam Hossein Mohseni-Ejehei
Interior
Seyed Sadegh Mahsooli
Justice
Gholam Hossein Elham
Labour and Social Affairs
Mohammad Jahromi
Petroleum
Gholamhossein Nozari
Roads and Transportation
Hamid Behbahani
Science, Research, and Technology
Mohammad Mehdi Zahedi
Welfare and Social Security
Abdolreza Mesri
2006 Councils and Assembly of Experts election
Main articles: Iranian councils election, 2006 and Iranian Assembly of Experts election, 2006
Ahmadinejad’s team lost the 2006 city council elections, and his spiritual mentor, Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi, was ranked sixth on the country's Assembly of Experts. In the first nationwide election since Ahmadinejad became President, his allies failed to dominate election returns for the Assembly of Experts and local councils. Results, with a turnout of about 60%, suggested a voter shift toward more moderate policies. According to an editorial in the Kargozaran independent daily newspaper, "The results show that voters have learned from the past and concluded that we need to support.. moderate figures." An Iranian political analyst said that "this is a blow for Ahmadinejad and Mesbah Yazdi's list."
2009 Presidential Election

Ahmadinejad in Yekaterinburg, Russia, 16 June 2009
Main article: Iranian presidential election, 2009
On 23 August 2008, Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei announced that he "sees Ahmadinejad as president in the next five years," a comment interpreted as indicating support for Ahmadinejad's reelection. 39,165,191 ballots were cast in the election on 12 June 2009, according to Iran's election headquarters. Ahmadinejad won 24,527,516 votes, (62.63%). In second place, Mir-Hossein Mousavi, won 13,216,411 (33.75%) of the votes. The election drew unprecedented public interest in Iran.
2009 Iranian Election Protests
Main article: 2009 Iranian election protests
As of September 2009[update], the election results remain in dispute with both Mousavi and Ahmadinejad and their respective supporters who believe that Electoral fraud occurred during the election. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei formally endorsed Ahmadinejad as President on 3 August 2009, and Ahmadinejad was sworn in for a second term on 5 August 2009. Several Iranian political figures appeared to avoid the ceremony. Former presidents Mohammad Khatami, and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, who is currently head of the Expediency Discernment Council, along with opposition leader Mir Hossein Mousavi, did not attend the ceremony. Opposition groups asked protesters on reformist websites and blogs to launch new street demonstrations on the day of the inauguration ceremony. On inauguration day, hundreds of riot police met opposition protesters outside parliament. After taking the oath of office, which was broadcast live on Iranian state television, Ahmadinejad said that he will "protect the official faith, the system of the Islamic revolution and the constitution". France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States announced that they would not send the usual letters of congratulation. While addressing the 11th scientific and research meeting of university professors on July 31, 2009, president Ahmadinejad concluded:
The June 12 presidential election ruined the dominance of wealth, political party system and media as tools of the hegemonic system and presented a new role model to the human race.
2009 Cabinet Appointments
Ahmadinejad announced controversial ministerial appointments for his second term. Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei was briefly appointed as first vice president, but opposed by a number of Majlis members and by the intelligence minister, Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i. Mashaei followed orders to resign. Ahmadinejad then appointed Mashaei as chief of staff, and fired Mohseni-Eje'i.
On July 26 2009, Ahmadinejad's government faced a legal problem after he sacked four ministers. Iran's constitution (Article 136) stipulates that, if more than half of its members are replaced, the cabinet may not meet or act before the Majlis approves the revised membership. The Vice Chairman of the Majlis announced that no cabinet meetings or decisions would be legal, pending such a reapproval.
The main list of 21 cabinet appointments was announced on August 19, 2009. On September 4, Majlis approved 18 of the 21 candidates and rejected three of them, including two women. Sousan Keshavarz, Mohammad Aliabadi, and Fatemeh Ajorlou were not approved by Majlis for the Ministries of Education, Energy, and Welfare and Social Security respectively. Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi is the first woman approved by Majlis as a minister in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Ministry
Minister
Agricultural
Sadeq Khalilian
Commerce
Mehdi Ghazanfari
Communication and Information Technology
Reza Taqipour
Cooperatives
Mohammad Abbasi
Culture and Islamic Guidance
Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini
Defense and Armed Forces Logistics
Ahmad Vahidi
Economy and Financial Affairs
Hossein Samsami
Education
Sousan Keshavarz (not confirmed)
Energy
Mohammad Aliabadi (not confirmed)
Foreign Affairs
Manouchehr Mottaki
Health and Medical Education
Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi
Housing and Urban Development
Abdolreza Sheikholeslami
Industries and Mines
Aliakbar Mehrabian
Intelligence
Heyder Moslehi
Interior
Mostafa Mohammad Najjar
Justice
Morteza Bakhtiari
Labour and Social Affairs
Ali Nikzad
Petroleum
Masoud Mir Kazemi
Roads and Transportation
Hamid Behbahani
Science, Research, and Technology
Kamran Daneshjoo
Welfare and Social Security
Fatemeh Ajorlou (not confirmed)
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Persian: محمود احمدی نژاد, Mahmūd Ahmadinezhād mæhmuːde æhmædiːneʒɒːd ; born 28 October 1956) is the sixth and current President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the main political leader of the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, a coalition of conservative political groups in the country. An engineer and teacher from a poor background, Ahmadinejad joined the Office for Strengthening Unity after the Islamic Revolution. Appointed a provincial governor, he was removed after the election of President Mohammad Khatami and returned to teaching. Tehran's council appointed him mayor in 2003. He took a religious hard-line, reversing reforms of previous moderate mayors. His 2005 presidential campaign, supported by the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, and garnered 62% of the runoff election votes, becoming President on 3 August 2005.
Ahmadinejad is a controversial figure both within and outside Iran. He has been criticized domestically for his economic lapses and disregard for human rights. He launched a gas rationing plan in 2007 to reduce the country's fuel consumption, and cut the interest rates private and public banking facilities could charge. He supports Iran's nuclear program, which he says is for electricity generation. His election to a second term in 2009 was widely disputed and caused significant uproar both domestically and abroad. Major opposition parties, traditional clerical circles and influential Iranian politicians questioned the legitimacy of his presidency. International bodies and governments also expressed concerns about the election.
Ahmadinejad is an outspoken critic of United States foreign policy and Israel. He does not regard the state of Israel as legitimate or representative of the region's population. He advocates "free elections" for the region, and believes Palestinians need a stronger voice in the region's future. His comment initially translated as calling for the "occupying regime" (taken to mean Israel) to be "wiped off the map," caused significant controversy, though its translation and interpretation are still widely disputed. He has also been criticized for describing the Holocaust as a myth, which has led to accusations of anti-Semitism. Ahmadinejad has rejected accusations of anti-Semitism and Holocaust denial, saying that he "respect[s] them very much" and that he was not "passing judgment" on the Holocaust. Nevertheless, his comments, such as the one Reuters quoted him as saying on September 18, 2009, that using the Holocaust as a "pretext for the foundation of the Zionist regime is a lie," continue to come across as abrasive and even threatening to Israel and Israel's allies.

Background
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was born near Garmsar in the village of Aradan, the fourth of seven children of an ironworker, grocer, barber and blacksmith who changed his name from Saborjhian when the family moved to Tehran. However, Kasra Naji who wrote one of the most important biographies of Ahmadinejad available in the English language, contradicts this claim and adds that the name was actually 'Sabaghian' which means 'dye-masters' in Persian.
In 1976, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad took Iran's national university entrance contests. He was ranked 132nd out of 400,000 participants that year, and soon enrolled in the Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) as an undergraduate student of civil engineering. He received a PhD in transportation engineering and planning from IUST in 1997.
Supporters of Ahmadinejad consider him a "simple man" that leads a "modest" life. As president, he wanted to continue living in his "modest" family home in Tehran, until his security advisers forced him to move. Ahmadinejad rolled up the antique Persian carpets in the Presidential palace, sent them to a carpet museum, and used low-cost carpets instead. He is said to have refused the V.I.P. seat on the Presidential plane, and that he eventually replaced it with a cargo plane instead. Also upon gaining Iran's presidency, Ahmadinejad held his first cabinet meeting in the Imam Reza shrine at Mashhad, an act perceived as "pious".
Ahmadinejad is married with two sons and a daughter. One of his sons formerly studied at the Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic).
Administrative and academic careers
Some details of Ahmadinejad's life during the 1980s are not publicly known, but it is known that he held a number of administrative posts in the province of West Azerbaijan.
Many reports say that after Saddam Hussein invaded Iran, Ahmadinejad joined the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution and served in their intelligence and security apparatus, but his advisor Mojtaba Samareh Hashemi says "He has never been a member or an official member of the Revolutionary Guards", having been a Basiji-like volunteer instead.
Ahmadinejad was accepted to a Master of Science program at his alma mater in 1986. He joined the faculty there as a lecturer in 1989, and in 1997 received his doctorate in civil engineering and traffic transportation planning.
Embassy siege
Main article: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and the 1979 Hostage Crisis
Stories suggesting that Ahmadinejad was a participant in the 1980 siege of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran are now generally considered to have been discredited.
Early political career
After the Islamic Revolution, Ahmadinejad became a member of the Office for Strengthening Unity, an organization developed to prevent students from sympathizing or allying with the budding Mojahedin-e Khalq.
He first took political office as unelected governor to both Maku and Khoy in West Azarbaijan Province during the 1980s. He eventually became an advisor to the governor general of Kurdistan Province for two years. During his doctoral studies at Tehran, he was appointed governor general of Ardabil Province from 1993 until Mohammad Khatami removed him in 1997 when he returned to teaching.
Mayor of Tehran
In 2003, a 12 percent turnout elected conservative candidates from the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran to the City Council of Tehran. The Council appointed Ahmadinejad mayor.
As mayor, he reversed changes made by previous moderate and reformist mayors. He put religious emphasis on the activities of cultural centers they had founded, publicized the separation of elevators for men and women in the municipality offices, and suggested that people killed in the Iran–Iraq War be buried in major city squares of Tehran. He also worked to improve the traffic system and put an emphasis on charity, such as distributing free soup to the poor.
After his election to the presidency, Ahmadinejad's resignation as the mayor of Tehran was accepted on 28 June 2005. After two years as mayor, Ahmadinejad was one of 65 finalists for World Mayor in 2005, selected from 550 nominees, only nine of them from Asia. He was among three strong candidates for the top ten list, but his resignation made him ineligible.
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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad - News Results

Tech-savvy Iranian youth take aim at Ahmadinejad
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Ahmadinejad offers talks on nuclear program Mahmoud Ahmadinejad - Wikipedia
User-crested profile of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad -

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad - New York Times
Profile of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, with an archive of New York Times stories about him.topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/a/... -
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad - BBC News
Profile of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, elected as Iran's president in June 2005.news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4107270.stm -
Newsweek - National News, World News, Health, Technology, Entertainment ...
Newsweek magazine online plus daily news, features and commentary from our ... Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was consolidating on an early strong lead he had taken in ...www.newsweek.com/related.aspx?subject=Mahmoud+Ahmadinejad -
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad - The Official Blog - Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's offical blog, in Farsi, translated into Arabic, English, and French.www.ahmadinejad.ir -
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Background
Presidency
2009 Iranian...
Domestic...
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is the sixth and current President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the main political leader of the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, a coalition of...
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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad: Biography from Answers.com
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad , Political Figure / President of Iran Born: 28 October 1956 Birthplace: Garmsar, Iran Best Known As: President of Iran,www.answers.com/topic/mahmoud-ahmadinejad -
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad - Worldnews Network
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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad - Photos and News
TEHRAN, Iran -- President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said yesterday he would propose at ... President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad received what was viewed as a broad mandate as ...www.nypost.com/t/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad -
Iran's Ahmadinejad Questions if Holocaust was 'Real'
Iran's Ahmadinejad Questions Whether Holocaust was a 'Real Event', Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on Friday lashed out at Israel and the West, questioning ...www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,551981,00.html